Extraction optimization and adsorption isotherm kinetics of polyphenols from blossoms of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl

ABSTRACT

Crude extracts were extracted from blossoms of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl. with 50% ethanol (CAVAP-E), 50% methanol (CAVAP-M), and hot water (CAVAP-W). CAVAP-W had the highest polyphenol yield of 3.7%. The optimum values of liquid/solid ratio, ultrasonic time, and ultrasonic power were 34.06 mL/g, 1 h, and 81.04 W, respectively. The adsorption characteristics of polyphenols were investigated using different macroporous resins. AB-8 and HP-20 resins offered higher adsorption and desorption capacities. Langmuir equation was more suitable to predict the adsorption of polyphenols. The pseudo second-order model was satisfactory to describe the kinetic data of polyphenols onto AB-8 and HP-20.     

皖南红豆杉枝叶中总黄酮抗肿瘤活性研究

以MTT法考察皖南红豆杉枝叶中总黄酮的体外抗肿瘤活性;以小鼠移植瘤模型测定总黄酮对荷瘤小鼠抑瘤率和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力,研究其体内抗肿瘤活性和免疫调节作用。结果表明,总黄酮对S180细胞生长有显著抑制作用,呈现剂量依赖关系。体内试验表明,与生理盐水组相比,总黄酮对小鼠S180实体瘤有显著抑制作用（P〈0.01）,可提高荷瘤小鼠的脾指数。与环磷酰胺组相比,总黄酮可使荷S180实体瘤小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力显著升高（P〈0.01）,提示其对小鼠无免疫抑制作用。     

微波提取红豆杉枝叶中多糖的工艺研究

在单因素实验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken中心组合实验和响应面分析法,优化了皖南红豆杉枝叶中多糖的微波提取工艺。研究了提取时间、微波功率、料液比和浸泡时间对红豆杉枝叶多糖提取率的影响,建立了影响因素与响应值之间的数学模型,确立最佳提取工艺。结果表明:皖南红豆杉枝叶中多糖的最佳提取工艺为:微波提取6.11 min,液料比为30∶1,浸泡时间为119.21 min,微波功率为6 kW。该方法为提高皖南红豆杉枝叶中多糖成分的提取提供了基础。     

HPLC法测定蓝花喜盐鸢尾中一种新的异黄酮糖苷

建立简单、快速的HPLC法测定蓝花喜盐鸢尾中一种全新异黄酮糖苷——鸢尾甲黄素B 4'-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷。采用HPLC法,Agilent 1260HC-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-1%冰醋酸梯度洗脱,流速为0.9 m L/min,检测波长为268 nm,柱温为25℃。结果表明,该异黄酮糖苷在17.2~172μg/m L浓度内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 4;回收率为99.78%(RSD=0.76%)。该检测方法准确灵敏,适用于蓝花喜盐鸢尾中鸢尾甲黄素B 4'-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的测定。     

不同采收期水冬瓜叶的主成分分析及抗炎镇痛谱效关系研究

为筛选水冬瓜叶抗炎镇痛活性成分,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)建立不同采收期10批次水冬瓜叶药材指纹图谱,对其进行主成分分析,并基于皮尔逊相关分析法探讨不同采收期水冬瓜叶药材抗炎镇痛的谱效关系。结果显示,不同采收期水冬瓜叶药材HPLC指纹图谱中有17个共有峰,10批次药材的相似度为0.875~0.973。聚类分析将不同采收期水冬瓜叶药材分为3类。主成分分析共得到3个主成分。经皮尔逊相关分析,峰17、峰14、峰12、峰15、峰13、峰5、峰16和峰4可能为水冬瓜叶药材镇痛作用的物质基础,峰6、峰8(异槲皮苷)、峰11、峰7(金丝桃苷)、峰5、峰3、峰4、峰13、峰9和峰1可能为水冬瓜叶药材抗炎作用的物质基础。     

Mismatched disturbance attenuation control for static var compensator with uncertain parameters

The use of a static var compensator (SVC) as a component of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices to control power systems has been investigated for decades. Its aim is to regulate the system voltage and improve the stability and loadability of power systems. A typical assumption in such a system is that the parameters of the controlled system are known accurately, which is rarely satisfied in practice. This paper explores the development of a simple but effective controller for a single-machine infinite-bus power system with SVC subjected to both matched and mismatched disturbances where the controller derivation is based on the assumption that all parameters used in the system modeling are unknown, but bounded in size. The research in this paper illustrates how an indirect robust control can be incorporated with a modified disturbance observer-based feedforward term to attenuate the influence of parameter variations and disturbances from the outputs of the system. Simulation results are presented to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

一种实用的配电网无功运行两层优化方法研究

针对多时段动态无功优化,将控制设备动作次数转化成设备调节费用并将其计入目标函数,建立以全天网损费用与设备调节费用之和最小为目标函数的优化模型。将Fisher有序聚类算法引入到负荷曲线分段问题中,使分段后的负荷曲线尽可能贴近实际负荷水平。提出一种基于改进遗传算法和准动态规划法的两层优化算法,以获取全天控制设备的动作方案,实现多时段的协调优化。为兼顾算法的寻优速度和搜索精度,可依据电网规模灵活设置各阶段保留的最优路径数,适合于大规模系统的动态无功优化。算例表明了所提方法的实用和有效。     

基于系统有功网损-风速灵敏度的双馈机风电场并网位置研究

关于风电并网对网损影响的分析,有助于风电系统安全经济运行,但是现有网损灵敏度指标,不能直接反映风速波动影响。在最大功率点跟踪(maximum power point tracking,MPPT)方式下,考虑双馈感应发电机(doubly-fed induction generator,DFIG)内部损耗时,有功出力与定子电压有关,在潮流求解前未知。基于并网DFIG潮流模型,拓展网损灵敏度算法,提出电网有功网损对风速的灵敏度模型,以反映有功网损受风速影响及趋势。量化DFIG不同无功控制方式对网损及风速灵敏度的影响。考虑风速概率区间分布,综合分析灵敏度结果对风电场选址和双馈感应风电机组无功控制方式的辅助参考价值。算例结果证明了所提灵敏度模型的可行性和正确性。     

The Dune Lakes in central coastal California: Why are they dry?

The Dune Lakes comprise 10 natural lakes in the Callender Dunes in central coastal California, USA. These lakes are wetlands in an arid environment, being important habitat for native wildlife and plants, including three occurrences of the federally endangered/State threatened wetland plant, La Graciosa thistle (Cirsium scariosum var. loncholepis; Asteraceae). This plant is known from 21 occurrences, of which only five are extant in 2019. One extant occurrence persists at the lakes and where two other occurrences are likely extirpated. Nine lakes have recently dried, one having been dry for 5 years (2012–2017). Understanding the hydrology of the Dune Lakes is essential for conservation planning and to help prevent extinction of La Graciosa thistle. The best available information points to a combination of two primary causes for drying of the lakes. The first is extensive groundwater extraction beneath Nipomo Mesa to the east. The second is severe drought. The competing demands for water and continued development on the mesa will be obstacles to restoration of the lakes and to recovery of the endangered plant.     

白毛银露梅挥发性组分色谱保留时间的预测

基于分子形状指数n K、Kier分子价连接性指数m Xt V、原子类型电性拓扑状态指数Ek ，通过多元线性回归及最佳变量子集方法，构建白毛银露梅挥发性组分分子结构与色谱保留时间t的定量构效关系模型。并用Jackknife法对模型的稳健性进行检验。结果表明：分子形状指数、Kier分子价连接性指数和原子类型电性拓扑状态指数能够较全面地表征分子结构特征，有效地揭示了影响白毛银露梅挥发性组分色谱保留时间的本质因素。